What is Kennel Cough?

Canine infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in dogs. It is most commonly associated with a bacterial infection caused by the organism Bordetella bronchiseptica. [1, 2]

What causes Kennel Cough?

Kennel cough can be caused by a number of different airborne bacteria (such as Bordetella bronchiseptica) and viruses (such as canine parainfluenza) or a mycoplasma (an organism somewhere between a virus and a bacteria). Typically, more than one of these pathogens (disease-causing agents) must bombard the dog at once to trigger illness. While it is hard to be certain in veterinary medicine when discussing statistics, it is estimated that 80 to 90% of the cases of kennel cough are due to this organism. The other 10 to 20% of cases are caused by a variety of other infectious agents, most of them viral. Kennel cough has been associated with parainfluenza virus, adenovirus and canine distemper virus as well as the Bordetella bacteria. [1, 2]

What are the symptoms of Kennel Cough?

The primary sign of kennel cough is a dry-sounding, spasmodic cough that often prompts owners to think that their dog "has something caught in his throat". At the end of a coughing spell, a dog will often retch and cough up a white foamy discharge. Some dogs also develop conjunctivitis (inflammation of the membrane lining the eyelids), rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane), and a nasal discharge. Affected dogs usually remain active and alert. Fortunately, the majority of cases are not serious resolving on their own in 1 to 2 weeks however, carefully monitor your dog if he exhibits these symptoms as kennel cough can develop into pneumonia which is much more life threatening. [1, 2]

How can I know for sure my dog has Kennel Cough?

Your veterinarian can typically diagnose kennel cough from a physical exam and history. The cough is very characteristic and can be easily elicited by massaging the dog’s larynx or trachea But if the dog is depressed; feverish; expelling a thick yellow or green discharge from its nose; or making abnormal lung sounds, your veterinarian may want to perform diagnostic tests such as a complete blood count (CBC) chest x-ray, and laboratory analysis of the microorganisms inhabiting your dog’s airways. These tests can help determine whether the dog has developed pneumonia or another infectious illness such as canine distemper. [1, 2]

How can I treat Kennel Cough?

Cough suppressants can be used to control the cough and antibiotics may be necessary for stubborn infections or to try to stop the spread of the bacteria in multiple dog households. If your dog is diagnosed with kennel cough, your veterinarian will likely prescribe an antibiotic to help prevent any secondary bacterial infection and a cough suppressant. The use of a relatively new antibiotic, azithromycin, can be effective in persistent cases of kennel cough as this medication is very effective in the treatment of the mycoplasmal forms of tracheobronchitis. If your dog begins wheezing or has a runny nose or labored breathing, seek professional medical attention immediately! [1, 2]

How can I prevent Kennel Cough?

Immunization can be an important part of a kennel- cough prevention program and is recommended. It is probably a good idea to vaccinate dogs who will be exposed to large numbers of other dogs, such as at shows, obedience classes or the classic cause -- when left in kennels. The intranasal vaccine is pretty fast acting, providing some protection in as little as 5 days. The injectable version of the vaccine may provide longer immunity, though. Some vets use both to get maximum protection. But since the illness is caused by multiple organisms - making effective immunization difficult - you should focus on minimizing your dog’s exposure to the disease-causing organisms themselves. Don’t share your dog’s toys or food and water bowls with unfamiliar dogs. And if your dog is in an indoor kennel or show, make sure the indoor area is adequately ventilated so airborne organisms are transferred outside. [1, 2]

References:

1. Kennel Cough - Tracheobronchitis
2. Vet Info - Kennel Cough